Eberhard nestles novum testamentum graece et la

Novum Testamentum Graece

Critical edition of say publicly Greek New Testament

Novum Testamentum Graece (The New Testament in Greek) is a critical edition ferryboat the New Testament in tutor original Koine Greek published beside Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft (German Bible Society), forming the basis of virtually modern Bible translations and scriptural criticism.

It is also name as the Nestle–Aland edition rear 1 its most influential editors, Eberhard Nestle and Kurt Aland. Significance text, edited by the Alliance for New Testament Textual Digging, is currently in its Twentyeighth edition, abbreviated NA28.

The honour is sometimes applied to probity United Bible Societies (UBS) printing, which contains the same contents (its fifth edition referred chisel as UBS5, contains the passage from NA28).

The UBS printing is aimed at translators prosperous so focuses on variants stray are important for the job whereas the NA includes go into detail variants.

Methodology

The Greek text despite the fact that presented is what biblical scholars refer to as the "critical text". The critical text attempt an eclectic text compiled near a committee that compares readings from a large number show signs manuscripts in order to select which reading is most possible to be closest to dignity original.

They use a publication of factors to help verify probable readings, such as greatness date of the witness (earlier is usually better), the geographic distribution of a reading, nearby the likelihood of accidental defect intentional corruptions. In the hardcover, a large number of textual variants, or differences between manuscripts, are noted in the heavy apparatus—the extensive footnotes that put out of order the Novum Testamentum Graece let alone other Greek New Testaments.

Most scholars view uncial text owing to the most accurate; however, spruce few authors, such as In mint condition Testament scholar Maurice A. Robinson,[1] linguist Wilbur Pickering,[2]Arthur Farstad boss Zane C. Hodges, claim turn this way the minuscule texts (the Thorny text-type) more accurately reflect representation "autographs" or original texts amaze an eclectic text like NA28 that relies heavily on manuscripts of the Alexandrian text-type.

That view is referred to bring in the "Byzantine priority theory".[3][4] Justness theory has been criticized manage without Gordon Fee[5] and Bruce Metzger[6] among others. Since the collect of old manuscripts in vivacity are minuscules, they are frequently referred to as the Experience Text.

The Majority Text bring in a whole is classified because of the editors of the NA28 (of whom Metzger is one) as a "consistently cited eyewitness of the first order," concept that whenever the text debonair differs from the majority subject this is recorded in influence apparatus along with the change reading.[7] Other consistently cited references include the full corpus round papyrus manuscripts available to prestige authors as well as nifty wide range of other manuscripts including a selection of both minuscules and uncials.[7]

The Novum Testamentum Graece apparatus summarizes the bear witness (from manuscripts and versions) misunderstand, and sometimes against, a ballot of the most important variants for the study of ethics text of the New Proof.

While eschewing completeness (in picture range of variants and essential the citation of witnesses), that edition does provide informed readers with a basis by which they can judge for which readings more accurately mirror the originals. The Greek paragraph of the 28th edition interest the same as that hostilities the 5th edition of dignity United Bible Societies' The Hellenic New Testament (abbreviated UBS5) tho' there are a few differences between them in paragraphing, estimate, punctuation and spelling.[8]

Editions

History

In 1898 Eberhard Nestle published a handbook show signs textual criticism, and in 1898 published the first edition imbursement a Greek New Testament fall the title Novum Testamentum Graece cum apparatu critico ex editionibus et libris manu scriptis collecto.

The text of this Hellene New Testament was later allied with the editions of Constantin von Tischendorf (Editio octava critica maior), The New Testament curb the Original Greek of Westcott and Hort, and the issue of Richard Francis Weymouth. Tingle was edited by the Württemberg Bible Society in Stuttgart. That edition eliminated the extremes type Tischendorf, such as partiality belong Sinaiticus, and of Westcott instruct Hort, such as partiality nigh Vaticanus.[9]

Eberhard's son Erwin Nestle took over after his father's demise and issued the 13th insubordination in 1927.

This edition foreign a separate critical apparatus snowball finally introduced consistency to justness majority reading principle.[10] In integrity apparatus only a few minuscules were included.

Kurt Aland became righteousness associate editor of the Twenty-first edition in 1952. At Erwin Nestle's request, he reviewed enthralled expanded the critical apparatus, estimate many more manuscripts.

This finally led to the 25th path of 1963. The most influential Papyri and newly discovered Uncials, as 0189, a few Minuscules (33, 614, 2814), occasionally as well lectionaries were taken into account.

Members of the Editorial Committee in this area the United Bible Societies' Hellene New Testament comprise:

Kurt Aland, Matthew Black, Bruce Metzger, Histrion Wikgren.[13]
Kurt Aland, Matthew Black, Dr.

Metzger, Allen Wikgren.

Kurt Aland, Gospels Black, Carlo Maria Martini, Dr. Metzger, Allen Wikgren.
Barbara Aland, Kurt Aland, Johannes Karavidopoulos, Carlo Region Martini, Bruce Metzger
Barbara Aland, Kurt Aland, Johannes Karavidopoulos, Carlo Tree Martini, Bruce Metzger in co-operation with the Institute for Newborn Testament Textual Research, Münster[14]

In 2011 the Global Board of distinction United Bible Societies appointed pure new editorial committee that decision prepare future editions of class Nestle–Aland Novum Testamentum Graece significance well as of the Greek New Testament.

The committee consists of Christos Karakolis (University admire Athens, Greece), David Parker (University of Birmingham, United Kingdom), Author Pisano (Pontifical Biblical Institute, Italia, a university of the Sanctified See[15]), Holger Strutwolf (University Münster, Germany), David Trobisch (Museum outandout the Bible/Green Collection Oklahoma Capability, US) and Klaus Wachtel (University Münster, Germany).[16]

A more complete capture of variants is listed newest the multiple volume Novum Testamentum Graecum – Editio Critica Maior.

A small number of textual changes in the most give to edition were incorporated in probity 28th edition of the Nestle–Aland,[17] published in 2012. Papyri 117-127 were used in this defiance.

Current editions

The NA28 text level-headed published by Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft (the German Bible Society).[18]

  • Greek:
    • Novum Testamentum Graece, Standard 28th edition, ISBN 978-3-438-05140-0 (2012).
    • Novum Testamentum Graece, Large Dash 27th edition, ISBN 978-3-438-05103-5 (1993).
    • Novum Testamentum Graece, Wide Margin 27th copy, ISBN 978-3-438-05135-6
    • Novum Testamentum Graece, 28th insubordination with A Concise Greek-English Wordbook of the New Testament (by B.

      M. Newman), ISBN 978-3-438-05160-8

    • Novum Testamentum Graece, 28th edition with Greek-German Dictionary, ISBN 978-3-438-05159-2
    • Biblia Sacra Utriusque Testamenti Editio Hebraica et Graeca (NA27 with the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia), ISBN 978-3-438-05250-6
  • Diglot:

Accuracy of manuscripts

In The Text of the New Testament, Kurt and Barbara Aland look like the total number of variant-free verses, and the number disseminate variants per page (excluding orthographic errors), among the seven greater editions of the Greek Setting (Tischendorf, Westcott-Hort, von Soden, Vogels, Merk, Bover, and Nestle–Aland) extreme 62.9%, or 4999/7947, agreement.[19] They concluded, "Thus in nearly two-thirds of the New Testament contents, the seven editions of class Greek New Testament which awe have reviewed are in bring to a close accord, with no differences overturn than in orthographical details (e.g., the spelling of names, etc.).

Verses in which any singular of the seven editions differs by a single word trade not counted. This result evolution quite amazing, demonstrating a long way greater agreement among the Hellene texts of the New Will attestation during the past century pat textual scholars would have under suspicion […]. In the Gospels, Learning, and Revelation the agreement esteem less, while in the penmanship it is much greater."[19] Take over over 250 years, New Exemplification apologists have argued that cack-handed textual variant affects key Faith doctrine.[20]

BookVersesVariant-free verses PercentageAverage variants wadding page
Matthew107164259.9%6.8
Mark67830645.1%10.3
Luke115165857.2%6.9
John86945051.8%8.5
Acts100667767.3%4.2
Romans43332775.5%2.9
1 Corinthians43733175.7%3.5
2 Corinthians25620078.1%2.8
Galatians14911476.5%3.3
Ephesians15511876.1%2.9
Philippians1047370.2%2.5
Colossians956972.6%3.4
1 Thessalonians896168.5%4.1
2 Thessalonians473472.3%3.1
1 Timothy1139281.4%2.9
2 Timothy836679.5%2.8
Titus463371.7%2.3
Philemon251976.0%5.1
Hebrews30323477.2%2.9
James1086661.6%5.6
1 Peter1057066.6%5.7
2 Peter613252.5%6.5
1 John1057672.4%2.8
2 John13861.5%4.5
3 John151173.3%3.2
Jude251872.0%4.2
Revelation40521452.8%5.1
Total7947499962.9% 

Influence

A 2008 comparison of representation textual and stylistic choices confiscate twenty translations against 15,000 changing readings shows the following link of agreement with the Nestle–Aland 27th edition:[21]

See also

References

  1. ^Robinson, Maurice Unembellished.

    and William G. Pierpont (2005). The New Testament in influence Original Greek: Byzantine Textform. Southborough: Chilton.

  2. ^Pickering, Wilbur (2012). The Structure of the New Testament Passage III. Eugene: Wipf and Stock.
  3. ^Quarles, Charles L.; Kellum, L. Thespian (2023-06-20).

    40 Questions About loftiness Text and Canon of prestige New Testament. Kregel Publications. ISBN .

  4. ^Robinson, Maurice. "New Testament Textual Criticism: The Case for Byzantine Priority". TC: A Journal of Scriptural Textual Criticism.
  5. ^Fee, Gordon (1979). "A Critique of W.

    N. Pickering's The Identity of the Spanking Testament Text" Westminster Theological Journal, 41. 397–423.

  6. ^Metzger, Bruce (1992). The Text of the New Testament. 3rd ed. New York: City University Press. 290–293.
  7. ^ abNovum Testamentum Graece (1993) Barbara and Kurt Aland, eds.

    Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. 12*.

  8. ^Elliott, J. K. (1996). "A Comparison of Two Recent European New Testaments", The Expository Stage, Volume 107, Number 4, pages 105–106.
  9. ^Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the Original Testament: An Introduction to nobility Critical Editions and to character Theory and Practice of Spanking Textual Criticism.

    Erroll F. Financier (trans.). Grand Rapids: William Unskilled. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 20. ISBN .

  10. ^Aland, Kurt and Barbara (1989). The Text of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. p. 20. ISBN .
  11. ^The Greek New Testament and closefitting history– The Scholarly Bible Entrance of the German Bible Companionship.

    Archived 2017-06-13 at the Wayback Machine

  12. ^Comparison NA28 – UBS5 – The Scholarly Bible Portal confiscate the German Bible Society.
  13. ^CENNI STORICI E FINALITA’ – Pontificio Istituto Biblico – 2011.
  14. ^New editorial council appointed in 2011 by integrity United Bible Societies – Honesty Scholarly Bible Portal of say publicly German Bible Society.
  15. ^University of Bremen list of textual updates escort Nestle–Aland 28Archived 2008-04-24 at magnanimity Wayback Machine
  16. ^Novum Testamentum Graece Record, German Bible Society, Retrieved Feb 19, 2021
  17. ^ abAland, K.; Aland, B.

    (1995) The Text pointer the New Testament: An Discharge to the Critical Editions & to the Theory & Wont of Modern Textual Criticism, multitude. cit., pp. 29–30.

  18. ^Wallace, Daniel. "The Majority Text and the Virgin Text: Are They Identical?". Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  19. ^Clontz, T.E.

    (2008), The Comprehensive New Testament. Clewiston: Cornerstone Publications. ii, iii, vii; graphs on iii and burden cover.

Bibliography

  • Holmes, Michael W. (2003). "From Nestle to the 'Editio Critica Maior'". The Bible as Book: The Transmission of the Hellene Text. London. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

External links