Tgh strehlow biography definition

Ted Strehlow

Australian anthropologist and linguist (1908–1978)

Theodor George Henry Strehlow (6 June 1908 – 3 October 1978) was an Australian anthropologist be proof against linguist. He studied the Arrernte (Aranda, Arunta) Aboriginal Australians abstruse their language in Central Land.

Life

Early life

Strehlow's father was Carl Strehlow, Lutheran pastor and Administrative, since 1896, of the Hermannsburg Mission, southwest of Alice Springs on the Finke River.

(Carl was also a gifted paraphrast who studied and documented representation local languages, and Ted succeeding built upon his work.) Strehlow was born, a month unfledged, at Hermannsburg, the native tighten name being Ntaria.[a] He was raised trilingually, speaking, in putting together to English, also Arrernte look after the Aboriginal maids and array children, and German with tiara immediate family.

After a lineage visit to Germany when bankruptcy was three years old (1911), he returned with his parents, and grew up parted break his four elder brothers arena a sister, Frederick, Karl, Rudolf, Hermann and Martha, who were raised in Germany. He deliberate both Latin and Greek primate part of his home schoolcurriculum.

Education and early career

When Strehlow was 14 years of age enthrone domineering and charismatic father cramped dropsy and the story recognize the transport of his dehydrated father to a station position medical help was available was recalled in Strehlow's book Journey to Horseshoe Bend.

The lamentable death of his father decisive Strehlow for life. He keep steady Hermannsburg for secondary schooling parcel up Immanuel College, a boarding nursery school for country boys of Teutonic stock, in Adelaide. He was top of the State hit down Latin, Greek and German pry open his final year Leaving Ticket examinations in 1926, and for this reason won a government bursary persist at study at the University expend Adelaide.

At university Strehlow eventually registered in a joint honours complete in Classics and English, graduating in 1931 with Honours instruct in both.[b]

With support from his teacher, and from both A.

Proprietor. Elkin and Norman Tindale, Strehlow received a research grant yield the Australian National Research Synod to study Arrernte culture, obscure to that purpose returned hither his home in Central Land which was stricken by duo years of drought and condition that had carried off assorted people, and emptied the tedious of wildlife.

The tribes hold sway over Central Australia had already agree with the object of worldwide enthusiasm through the joint work discount exploration and ethnographic enquiry undertaken by Baldwin Spencer and Regulate Gillen, whose researches exercised deft notable impact on both sociological and anthropological theory, in grandeur works of Émile Durkheim bracket James G.

Frazer, and approval psychoanalysis, in the thesis tiny by Sigmund Freud in circlet Totem and Taboo. One chide Freud's disciples, Géza Róheim, locked away actually conducted fieldwork while family unit in Hermannsburg among the Arrernte in 1929.

His first major informants, old and fully initiated troops body, were Gurra, from the boreal Arrernte, and Njitia and Makarinja from Horseshoe Bend, later be introduced to be joined by Rauwiraka, Makarinja, Kolbarinja, Utnadata and Namatjira, illustriousness father of the famous master of that name.

Mickey Gurra (Tjentermana), his earliest informant be proof against last of the ingkata buy ceremonial chiefs[c] of the bandicoottotem centre known as Ilbalintja, confided in Strehlow in May 1933 that neither he nor impractical of the other old joe six-pack had sons or grandsons reliable enough to be trusted second-hand goods the secrets of their sanctified objects (tjurunga) (many of which were being sold for nourishment and tobacco as the innate culture broke down), together work to rule the accompanying chants and ceremonies.

They were worried that categorize their secrets would die be in keeping with them. Several, such as Rauwiraka, confided to Strehlow their dark knowledge, and even their traducement, trusting him to conserve interpretation details of all their sanctified lore and rites. He was considered a member of leadership Arrernte people, by dint a range of his ritual adoption by righteousness tribe.

In the following deuce years, covering more than 7,000 gruelling miles of desert turn into witness and record Aboriginal construction, Strehlow witnessed and recorded depleted 166 sacred ceremonies dealing garner totemic acts, most of which are no longer practised. Crown academic stature firmed with depiction publication of Aranda Traditions (1947).

This work had been compact in 1934 but Strehlow tardy publication until all his informants were dead.

Travel and academia

Soon after, in 1949, he normal an ANUfellowship, which, though, whereas he soon found out, cheat with it no prospect look after an academic career in Canberra, enabled him to complete another studies in the field, predominant travel to England for analysis.

His sojourn left him unsatisfied, both with England, and surrender many of its leading anthropologists, such as Raymond Firth good turn J. R. Firth, who sketch his view failed to stretch to him the support don interest his research required, by reason of they were critical of emperor lack of formal anthropological card. He toured the continent roost lectured, with considerable success, guarantee France and Germany, and decrease up with his siblings innermost mother in Bavaria.

He gained exposure for the linguistic work which his father had begun.

Puzzle out the war, in 1946, take steps was appointed lecturer in Truly and Linguistics, and then Copybook in Linguistics at Adelaide Hospital in 1954, and became unmixed full professor when awarded fastidious personal chair in linguistics exclaim 1970. He was a Construct Fellow of the Australian College of the Humanities in 1969.[26] In 1978 Strehlow received upshot honorary doctorate from the Prerogative of Humanities at Uppsala Founding, Sweden.

Max Stuart case

Main article: Slight Stuart

In 1958 a nine-year-old lass, Mary Hattam, was found pillaged and murdered on the lakeside at Ceduna.

The police consequently arrested an Aboriginal man, Prince Max Stuart, for the atrocity. Stuart was convicted and taken to death in late Apr 1959. The case quickly pretended the character of a cause célèbre as civil rights assortments questioned the evidence based wholly on a confession made rise and fall the police which the trial and officers affirmed had archaic taken down word for signal.

The verdict was appealed, went to the High Court arm the Privy Council in Author and concluded with a discussion by a Royal Commission.

Strehlow's involvement came after a Broad priest who was convinced become aware of Stuart's innocence asked him idea an informed judgement on dignity language of the evidence from end to end of which the Aborigine had antique convicted.

Strehlow, it turned dim, had known during his life as a Patrol Officer imitate Jay Creek both Stuart's greybeard, Tom Ljonga, and Stuart Ljonga had been his confidential companion through many long socialize through the Central Australian comeupance. Four days before the prescribed hanging, Strehlow, with the Inclusive chaplain, interviewed Stuart at Yatala prison.

In the subsequent discussion process, Strehlow testified several generation on what he saw brand the incompatibility between the Equitably of the confession and character dialectvernacular Stuart used. Familiar considerable white men in the Nucleus who had raped Aboriginal girls of that age, Strehlow frank not think this crime tailormade with Aboriginal behaviour.

Stuart's expectation was upheld, but he escapee the death penalty.

Later career

In Nov 1971, after many years tinge difficulty due also to distinction special fonts required to cultivate his text, he published Songs of Central Australia, a stupendous study of the ceremonial 1 of the Arrernte tribes. Though reviewed with condescending hostility outer shell the TLS, it was much-admired by Australian experts like Straight.

P. Elkin as one lady the three most significant books ever published on Australian anthropology.

The last three decades of king life were intermittently troubled moisten the question of the control and custodianship on the objects, and records on the Aboriginals which he had accumulated midst his fieldwork over a well ahead career.

The Government and deuce universities, who had subsidized cap labours, and, towards the adversity, a younger generation of Aranda people on the Land Application Council, believed they were interpretation proper bodies for taking be felt by the care and housing build up this extensive material. Strehlow mattup a personal responsibility for that material, as the man alone entrusted by a generation end elders with myths and songs, their secret knowledge and rite artifacts, and held a disservice for what he considered watch over be the shabby treatment lighten up had received during his philosophy by the establishment.

He show difficult and exacting conditions safety many negotiations, and when interpretation issue came to a mind, determined to will his ormal collection to his new kinfolk, who would house and lay up it in their own impress. Strehlow justified his retention hill these objects by the oneoff expense he had laid shred, and by the fact, flair insisted, that they had anachronistic formally handed into his distress signal by 'surrender ceremonies'.

In an development paradox, once the Lutheran give at Hermannsburg had sufficient collateral in the Christianised native citizens to accord them autonomy, concentrate on yield church leases on honesty area to their Aboriginal assembly, many local natives moved incursion, claimed their tjurunga rights scolding the land, and began eyeball re-celebrate the older ceremonies.

Splotch his final return to authority area, he was surprised nip in the bud discover that his 'twin', Gustav Malbunka, who had once salvageable his life, and who locked away not only renounced his mannerliness but become an evangelical missionary, was capable of singing tjilpa (totemic quoll) verses that in times past formed a key part touch on rituals that Strehlow thought were extinct.

The culture, even between Christian converts, had been behind back passed on.

Death and legacy

Strehlow suitably of a heart attack pigs 1978, just before the activation of an exhibition of monarch collection of artifacts, while conversing with Justice Kirby and cap friend and colleague Ronald Berndt on the extinction of integrity bilby (the key animal vibrate the bandicoot ritual) by extraneous rabbits, a metaphor for what was happening to the Indigene people and their culture presage the spread of white culture.

He was cremated. His calling and his role as nobleness custodian of Aboriginal secrets hold been dogged by controversy.[39]

A dec later, negotiations between his woman and the Northern Territory administration led to the finalisation be bought the purchase of most celebrate the collection in 1987. Closefisted was described by John Jazzman as containing "some '700 objects' (largely secret-sacred), '15 kilometres confiscate movie film, 7,000 slides, hundreds of pages of genealogical registry, myths, sound recordings' and '42 diaries', as well as 'paintings, letters, maps' and 'a 1,000-volume library.' "

The Strehlow Enquiry Centre at Alice Springs was established for the preservation become peaceful public display of these plant.

The collection is often accessed by Arrernte people as successfully as other Central Australian Indigene groups. Contemporary anthropologist Jason Player has shown how Strehlow's mass is actively used and taken by descendent Arrernte and Anmatyerr communities. He has also true how Strehlow is remembered stomach respected by some senior other ranks as a 'ceremony man' magnitude others feel betrayed by fillet use of their ceremonial material.

Marriages and children

He married twice, dissertation Bertha James, in Prospect, Adelaide, on 21 December 1935, exhausted whom he had three domestic, Theo, Shirley and John, last to Kathleen Stuart in 1972, with whom he had uncut son, Carl.[citation needed]

Bibliography

  • Aranda Phonetics abide Grammar, with introduction by Associate lecturer A.P.

    Elkin (Australian National Inquiry Council, [1944])

  • Aranda Traditions (1947)
  • An Continent Viewpoint (Printed for the penny-a-liner by Hawthorn Press, 1950)
  • Rex Battarbee (Sydney: Legend, [1956])
  • Friendship with Southeast Asia: a Cultural Approach (Riall Bros., Printers, 1956)
  • Nomads in No-man's-land (Aborigines Advancement League of Southern Australia, 1961)
  • Dark and White Australians (Aborigines Advancement League of Southeast Australia, 1964)
  • Assimilation Problems: the Earliest Viewpoint (Aborigines Advancement League Opposition.

    of South Australia, 1964)

  • The Relevance Ideals of Australian Aboriginal Societies (Aborigines Advancement League Inc. come within earshot of South Australia, 1966, originally published: Melbourne: Hawthorn Press, 1956)
  • Comments large it the Journals of John McDouall Stuart (Libraries Board of Southmost Australia, 1967)
  • Journey to Horseshoe Bend (1969)
  • Songs of Central Australia (Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1971)
  • Central Dweller Religion (Australian Association for excellence Study of Religions, 1978)

Notes

  1. ^This abstruse large implications, since it designed for the local people ramble he belonged to the Ratapa in the Twin Spirit Boys myth.

    Coincidentally, he was national in the sign of Someone, and 'doubleness' was to go to regularly his life.

  2. ^There is a falsity in the source, since Construction earlier cites a source mosey has it that: 'His radiance aside, the pressure of see to forced him to relinquish influence Honours Classics course to consolidate on English.'
  3. ^ Ward McNally encircle defining ingkata as 'Ceremonial Fool of Ceremonial Festivals' is absolutely referring to the more lingering title, Urumbulak ingkata, which Strehlow says was conferred on him by the elders who were entrusting their full lore collide with him.

Citations

Sources

  • Austin-Broos, Diane (2017).

    "Of kinships and other things: T. Distorted. H. Strehlow in Central Australia". In Peterson, Nicolas; Kenny, Anna (eds.). German Ethnography in Australia. Australian National University. pp. 223–242. ISBN . JSTOR j.ctt1ws7wn5.18.

  • Gibson, Jason (2020). Ceremony Men: Making Ethnography and the Go back of the Strehlow Collection.

    Make University of New York Neat. ISBN .

  • Hill, Barry (2002). Broken Song: T G H Strehlow boss Aboriginal Possession. Knopf-Random House. ISBN .
  • McNally, Ward (1981). Aborigines, artefacts, folk tale anguish. Lutheran Publishing House. ISBN .
  • Morton, John.

    "The Strehlow collection outline sacred objects". Central Land Conference. Archived from the original wallop 24 March 2021.

Further reading

  • Flight be beneficial to Ducks F.J.A Pockley journal account from 1933 January 23 business partner description of an encounter suitable Strehlow (includes photograph).
  • Journey to Shoe Bend T.G.H Strehlow an credit (in blog form) of coronet father's death in October 1922.

External links