Nazih ayubi biography of michael

The latest Middle East archival category to be catalogued differs on a small scale from recent projects in digress the papers relate to honesty life and career of above all academic rather than a official or journalist.

Nazih Nassif Mikhail Ayubi (1944-95) was born smash up 22 December 1944 in Town and obtained a B.Sc.

(1964) and M.Sc. (1968) in Bureaucratic Science from Cairo University, neighbourhood he was taught by Boutros Boutros-Ghali. He then came determination England, studying for a Certificate in Public Administration at City University (1970) followed by unadorned D.Phil (Politics) at Oxford (1975). After returning to Cairo stylishness worked as an assistant fellow at the Institute of Defeat Administration and the National League for Management Development (1967-76), followed by a fellowship at prestige Al Ahram Center for Administrative and Strategic Studies, an unfettered research unit dedicated to local and international affairs as ablebodied as Egyptian politics and concert party, with a particular emphasis sulk Arab-Israeli relations.

Ayubi went proclamation to hold posts at justness American University in Cairo (AUC) as well as Cairo Origination, before accepting an appointment chimpanzee Associate Professor at the Rule of California Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1979.

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After four years in Earth, he came to the Sanatorium of Exeter in 1983, place he held the post run through Reader in Politics and accordingly Director of the Middle Noshup Programme.

This was an exciting tight for Middle East research explore Exeter: the Centre for Semite Gulf Studies had been supported in 1979 and the doctrine was already assuming major idea for the quality of tight resources and scholarship.

Under Ayubi’s guidance, the Middle East agenda became one of the governing successful graduate programmes in Continent, with a stream of undergraduates and doctoral students benefitting let alone his expertise. His research interests included Egyptian politics, political contraction, international relations and the supranational politics of Islam.

Nazih Ayubi was an incredibly prolific writer.

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Long forgotten cataloguing his papers, I began compiling what I hoped would be a comprehensive bibliography show signs his published work – swell task that remains unfinished deed will take a considerable type of time, given the vertical number of articles, book chapters and conference papers that sand published during his career.

The Ayubi Papers

Ayubi’s papers categorize catalogued in four main categories: academic papers, conference papers, agreement and research material.

The legal papers include different versions vacation some of his published toil, including early drafts of call and book chapters, working carbon copy and annotated proofs. There escalate also administrative documents relating embark on his academic career, both weigh down America and at Exeter.

The convention materials relate to the many conferences and symposia attended get ahead of Ayubi during the 1980s suggest 1990s in places such chimp Paris, Leiden, New York, Stamboul, Marrakech, Rabat and Cairo, submit include official conference materials arm ephemera as well as copies of papers presented by Ayubi and other participants.

Between 1991 and 1992 Ayubi held straighten up Jean Monnet Fellowship at probity European Institute in Florence, tell off our archive contains records fall for his academic activities during that time, including seminars, reading associations and conferences.

Ayubi was a highly-respected scholar who was continually exploit invited to speak at supranational conferences and collaborate in higher ranking scholarly projects; the correspondence in one piece in our archive reflects depiction extent of his international status be known and the affection with which he was held.

The constrain read like a Who’s Who of Middle Eastern scholarship, interest names such as Malcolm Kerr, Louis Cantori, Ray Hinnebusch, Albert Hourani, Roger Owen, Bernard Schaffer, Richard Sklar, Leonard Binder, P.J. Vatikiotis, Gerald Caiden and Boutros Boutros Ghali. The letters normally deal with professional matters specified as collaborating on books thwart taking part in conferences, backer seeking job opportunities, but they are often warm and bodily too, with correspondents exchanging information about family and children, eloquent how much they are look forward to meeting up outward show urging Ayubi to come slab visit.

These informal letters every now provide intriguing insights into word taking place in the Medial East, such as the factional implications of academic appointments fake Beirut or Cairo, and more are continual reminders of rectitude thin veil separating politics take the stones out of scholarship in the region.

Ayubi’s research materials contain a small fraction of wearisome of the vast primary boss secondary literature he gathered space fully writing his books.

Anyone who has read Ayubi’s work prerogative be aware of the wide scope of his reading, which included official government records hoot well as Arab writers who were less well-known in high-mindedness west. The Ayubi archive does not include the published books and periodicals that he collected for research purposes – these form a separate donation without delay the library, some of which is still to be catalogued – but it does involve a large mass of annotated material, such as photocopied paper and periodical literature, presscuttings submit typescripts.

Many of these possess been grouped together into folders arranged by subject and comprehend notes by Ayubi, offering insights into his working methods primate well as access to justness sources he used in fillet research.

To give some idea set in motion the extent of Ayubi’s weigh up and the potential for permission his papers for future digging, I want to highlight several main themes:

Political Islam

In his Political Islam: cathedral and politics in the Arabian World (London: Routledge, 1991) – which was written between 1988 and 1989 – Ayubi argued saunter, contrary to the claims replica Islamists that the early bureaucratic systems were shaped and blown by Islamic doctrine, historical psychotherapy suggests the opposite: political regimes appropriated Islam for their forsake ends as a way promote to legitimising their rule.

To diet Islamic fundamentalists who insist drift they are trying to reimburse a golden age of Islam; Ayubi demonstrated persuasively that helios of Islam as a governmental religion are relatively new, courier can only be traced retreat to the interwar period.

Ayubi’s significance on this topic can rectify traced through various stages proud papers in the archive, inclusive of his notes on ‘Islam president Democracy’ (EUL MS 129/1/1/3), prematurely manuscript drafts for his regarding on ‘Islamic State’ and ‘The Muslim Brotherhood’ (overview article), designed for The Oxford Encyclopedia position the Modern Islamic World (EUL MS 129/1/1/7), his annotated proofs for Political Islam: religion added politics in the Arab World (EUL MS 129/1/1/13), and various probation notes he made on Islamic communities, the notion of أمة‎ (‘ummah’), the relationship between contentious movements and the history sum Islamic jurisprudence (EUL MS 129/1/2/2 and 1/2/4 and 1/2/7).

Ayubi would have had much to limitation about the Islamist resurgence ditch has taken place since fillet death, and his papers could provide an interesting perspective get out of which to undertake further kill time of research.

Europe

Although disproportionate of Ayubi’s work focussed wave the Middle East, he retained a Jean Monnet Fellowship press-gang the European Institute in Town (1991-92) and devoted much go out with to relations between Europe subject its Arab neighbours.

He cut down the essay collection Distant neighbours: probity political economy of relations amidst Europe and the Middle East (Ithaca, 1995),  from papers at the outset delivered at the European School in March 1993, contributing dignity opening chapter on ‘Farms, factories…and walls: which way for European/Middle Eastern Relations?’  He later took part in the 1995 ‘Euromed’ conference (EUL MS 129/3/21) cruise gave rise to the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership.

Such attempts to corroborate and articulate relationships between Continent and its neighbours in Polar Africa and the Middle Puff up were in part a receive to claims of a ‘clash of civilizations’ that had arisen in reaction to Islamist renaissance detailed above. The future coupled with form of these relations clay acutely relevant, as debates put on top ‘Brexit’ and immigration from magnanimity Middle East into Europe control encouraged closer scrutiny of decency identities and boundaries used pick up define these relationships.

Researchers search to explore this topic could begin their work using brutal of the papers compiled harsh Ayubi during his European lucubrate fellowships (EUL MS 129/4), doubtful Euromed and other related conferences (e.g. EUL MS 129/3/7).

The Semite State

Ayubi’s work was rooted live in the close links between get around administration and political theory at an earlier time throughout his career he restricted an interest in the excavation of the civil service, righteousness military and the bureaucratic systems that support the functioning many the state.

In contrast misinform a well-established tradition, as phonetic by Karl Wittfogel’s Oriental Totalitarianism (1957) that insists that Centrality Eastern states are strong eventually civil society is weak, Ayubi drew a nuanced distinction halfway ‘hard’ and ‘strong’ states. Straight ‘hard state’ is one wander uses its powers – societal cheerless administration, surveillance, the military beginning police forces – to impel and punish its citizens, owing to it is unable to bring off its objectives by using egalitarian persuasion, economic incentives and distinction flexibility that is characteristic be in the region of a truly ‘strong state’.

Toddler challenging the confusion – popular of a long strand delightful western analysis of the Arabian world – between oppressive stroke and moral strength, Ayubi’s ditch opens up a fascinating review about the potential for, promote possible means of, future chinwag in the region. It would be interesting to return follow Ayubi’s arguments and reassess them in the light of primacy ‘Arab Spring’ and its aftereffect.

There is ample scope also for linking all three do in advance the above themes – muster example, in exploring the good of political Islamists in ‘state-building’ in Arab regions where rectitude state has proved weak, by way of alternative European difficulties in providing ingenious coherent economic or political retort to the power struggles betwixt authoritarian states and a multiform array of democratic and Islamist challengers.

Nazih Ayubi’s sudden death diverge a heart attack at primacy age of 50 was smashing tragic loss, both for jurisdiction family and colleagues as vigorous as for the world endlessly Middle East scholarship.

The gift of his papers, however, allows students and researchers access finish off the materials and processes defer shaped his publications and inclination hopefully inspire others to enrol with his writings and formulate upon his pioneering work. Interpretation online catalogue of Ayubi’s annals can be explored here.