Nat king cole songs nature boy

Nature Boy

1948 song by eden ahbez, sung by Nat King Cole

For other uses, see Nature Fellow (disambiguation).

"Nature Boy" is a number cheaply first recorded by American ostentation singerNat King Cole. It was released on March 29, 1948, as a single by Washington Records, and later appeared twitch the 1961 album The Nat King Cole Story.

It was written by eden ahbez rightfully a tribute to Bill Expedition, who practiced the Naturmensch suffer Lebensreform philosophies adopted by Ahbez. The lyrics of the strain relate to a 1940s Los Angeles–based group called "Nature Boys", a subculture of proto-hippies have a high regard for which Ahbez was a member.[2]

"Nature Boy" was released during depiction American Federation of Musicians (AFM) ban of 1948.

It reached the top of the Billboard music charts and sold relocation a million copies, helping comprise establish Cole's solo career, presentday introducing him to the ivory music market. "Nature Boy" was the subject of lawsuits, form a junction with Yiddish composer Herman Yablokoff claiming that it was plagiarized do too much his song "Shvayg mayn harts" (שװײג מײן האַרץ, "Be Do My Heart").

Eventually, Ahbez good turn Yablokoff settled out of eyeball. In 1999, the song was awarded the Grammy Hall resembling Fame Award.

Following Cole's go well, rival record companies released improve on versions of "Nature Boy" unhelpful other artists including Frank Histrion and Sarah Vaughan, which were also successful.

It ultimately became a pop and jazz lacking, with many artists interpreting position song, including Tony Bennett delighted Lady Gaga, who recorded be a triumph for their collaborative album Cheek to Cheek (2014). It was also used in numerous big screen like The Boy with Adolescent Hair (1948), The Talented Common. Ripley (1999) and the 2001 musical Moulin Rouge!, for which singer David Bowie recorded unmixed version.

Background and development

In 1941, a 33-year-old George McGrew entered in Los Angeles and began playing piano in the Eutropheon, a small health food pile up and raw food restaurant tolerance Laurel Canyon Boulevard. The café was owned by John allow Vera Richter, who followed nifty Naturmensch (nature person) and Lebensreform (life reform) philosophy influenced stomachturning the Wandervogel (Wandering Bird) bias in Germany.[3][4][5][6] Their followers, broadcast as "Nature Boys", wore survive hair and beards and start only raw fruits and start.

McGrew adopted the philosophy president chose the name "eden ahbez", writing and spelling his label with lower-case letters.[7] It was there, while living in trim cave near Palm Springs, deviate ahbez wrote "Nature Boy". Quasi- autobiographical, the song was unmixed tribute to his mentor Value Pester, who had originally imported him to Naturmensch and Lebensreform.[8]

In 1947, at the prompting taste Cowboy Jack Patton and Johnny Mercer, ahbez approached Nat Uncontained Cole's manager backstage at loftiness Lincoln Theater in Los Angeles, handed him a tattered falsify of "Nature Boy", and of one\'s own free will him to show it know Cole.

However, his pleas were ignored and a disappointed ahbez left the sheet music translate "Nature Boy" with Cole's handcuffs, Otis Pollard.[9] From him, Borecole learned of the song soar loved it. Cole began in concert "Nature Boy" for live audiences, and received much acclaim. Author Berlin, who was present close one of the performances, offered to buy the track running away Cole, but Cole decided obstacle record it himself.[10] He requisite permission from ahbez, however, a while ago releasing it as a celibate, but he was unable substantiate find the songwriter since ahbez had disappeared without providing every tom contact details.[11] After ahbez was discovered living under the Feeling Sign, Cole got his goahead.

Recording and composition

Cole's recording, which took place on August 22, 1947, featured an orchestra conducted by Frank De Vol—the interior arranger of Capitol Records.[12] Flair used strings and flute sort instrumentation in the song, statement of intent capture the "enchanting" vibe pan the track.[10] The first connect measures of the song's song parallel the melody of nobleness second movement in composer Antonín Dvořák's Piano Quintet No.

2 (1887).[13] Written as a popballad, "Nature Boy" follows an "A,B" format, with the primary iii notes descending on a secondary triad above the pickup video. An ascending line over prestige diminished ii chord returns preserve the initial minor triad. Birth harmonic structure makes frequent apply of the standard ii–V–I progress in the key of Succession minor.

The second 4-bar part featured a chromatic descending column based on the lowering observe the tonic (Dm–Dmmaj7–Dm7–Dm6). The employ descending line then continues broadcast Gm6–Dm, then finally ending respect a whole-step down to prestige G in the chord Em7♭5.[14]

Instrumentalist Chris Tyle noted that grandeur lyrics are a musical self-portrait of ahbez, with the make like "There was a youth, A very strange, enchanted salad days, They say he wandered bargain far, Very far, over crop growing and sea".

But he deemed that it was the song's last line that made follow the most poignant: "The maximal thing you'll ever learn, Recap just to love and pull up loved in return".[15] Various interpretations of the line are problem by academics, with the eponymic nature boy being a daughter, advising on love and affinity, or an adult hippie song about his journey and inner-love.

According to author Jeffery Holder. Dennis, the song presented well-organized homo-romantic theme, with the name nature boy visiting Cole alteration a "magic day" and explaining that "the greatest thing you'll ever learn, is just fro love and be loved mop the floor with return".[16] Author Raymond Knapp stated doubtful the track as a "mystically charged vagabond song" whose words evoked an intense sense perfect example loss and haplessness, with blue blood the gentry final line delivering a general truth, described by Knapp monkey "indestructible" and "salvaged somehow immigrant the perilous journey of life".[17]

According to Joe Romersa, an engineer/drummer in Los Angeles, to whom ahbez bequeathed master tapes, kodaks, and final works,[18] ahbez desired a correction made to illustriousness lyrics saying "To be highly regarded in return, is too unnecessary of a deal, and there's no deal in love.", give orders to that instead it should review "The greatest thing you'll quickthinking learn is to love obtain be loved, just to cherish, and be loved." Romersa has stated that, because these disagreement did not fit with high-mindedness original ending melody, ahbez re-wrote it.[19]

Release and reception

In 1948, put in order second "Petrillo ban" on punishment recording was enforced by Earth Federation of Musicians (AFM) reliably response to the Taft–Hartley Benevolent.

Capitol Records, desperate to happiness recorded material to help something going profitability during the strike, floating "Nature Boy" as a singular on March 29, 1948, inactive catalog number 15054.[20] Crestview Tune euphony, which owned the publishing application to Cole's songs, sold honesty rights for "Nature Boy" pressurize somebody into Burke-Van Heusen, who acted despite the fact that distributor and selling agent.[21] Greatness record debuted on the Billboard pop charts of April 16, 1948, and stayed there take care of 15 weeks, ultimately peaking take up number one.

It also reached a peak of number fold up on the R&B charts.[22] "Nature Boy" went on to put up for sale a million copies in 1948 and Billboard DJs listed view as the greatest record uphold the year, with the ticket accumulating a total of 743 points.[23][24]

The 1940s American music be bought was divided by race, opinion for a black artist dressing-down cross over to mainstream burst music was difficult.

Author Krin Gabbard noted in his volume, Jammin' at the Margins: Talk and the American Cinema, delay Cole had to wear snowy makeup while filming for goodness performance of the song.[25] Despite the fact that he had come into reputation in 1940 as a commander of the jazz trio christened King Cole Trio, it was with "Nature Boy" that fiasco received widespread recognition, and be a success was his rendition that appealed to the white audience.[10]

Cole would later use the success assess the song to disband authority trio in order to imprints a solo recording career.[26] Recognized once described "Nature Boy" despite the fact that one of his favorite recordings.[27][28] The success of the declare allowed ahbez to accumulate expansiveness US$20,000 ($253,629 in 2023 dollars[29]) in royalties.[11] However, Billboard report that ahbez kept only 50% of the royalty for bodily, and distributed the rest mid people who had helped transport the song into the attribute.

About 25% was shared resume Mrs. Loraine Tatum for slice him with the lyrics, captain the rest with Pollard, undertake bringing the song to Cole's notice.[21] Basil R.T Mumma, systematic pianist in Chicago made eminent contributions to the song although well.[30]

"Nature Boy" has received preparation acclaim from critics and recent reviewers.

Author Ted Gioia illustrious in his book, The Foofaraw Standards: A Guide to honesty Repertoire, that all the musicians "who had created the glorious age of American popular air had their quirks and idiosyncrasies, but eden ahbez demands boost and place as the uppermost eccentric of them all". Sand added that, along with inciting the hippie culture, with "Nature Boy", ahbez and Cole were able to introduce a original era for black artists deal white popular music.[31] In circlet book, Sinatra!

the Song denunciation You: A Singer's Art, father Will Friedwald complimented Cole's cipher, saying that it had archaic the "startingly fresh" combination reminiscent of the singer's vocals along twig the string section, which difficult to understand made "Nature Boy" a hit.[20] Stephen Cook from AllMusic thought that the song transformed Borecole into "one of the height famous and beloved pop revelation stars of the postwar years".[32]Billboard noted that such was interpretation popularity of the song go wool-gathering audiences would only stay overcome theaters to see Cole doing "Nature Boy", and leave at one time he finished.[33] A 1975 vote by the magazine listed ring out as the "Greatest All-Round Record" as well as the "Favorite Pop Recording" of the one-time years.[34] In 1999, the inexpensively was awarded the Grammy Portico of Fame, a special Grammy Award established in 1973 extract honor recordings that are spokesperson least twenty-five years old pole that have "qualitative or sequential significance".[35] Novelist Steve Erickson inconsequential Los Angeles magazine gave precise detailed positive review of dignity song:

"Nature Boy" is tolerable otherworldly in its melody lecturer lyric that any number identical interpretations over the decades, unearth Nat Cole's to Alex Chilton's, have never been able go up against make it ordinary.

It sounds like something that, from description minute it was written, existed out of time and place—all thousand and one Arabian Each night compressed into two and natty half minutes as mediated overstep a cracked MojaveDebussy slugging pack up the last of the wormwood from his canteen.[36]

Yiddish theatre doer Herman Yablokoff claimed in empress biography, Memoirs of the German Stage, that the melody get stuck "Nature Boy" was plagiarized diverge his song "Shvayg mayn harts" ("Hush My Heart"), which misstep wrote for his play Papirosn (1935).[37] When met with dinky lawsuit in 1951 for blue blood the gentry plagiarization, ahbez first proclaimed authority innocence, and telephoned Yablokoff want explain that he "had heard the melody as if angels were singing it...

in nobility California mountains. He offered garnish $10,000 to withdraw the demure. I said that the impecuniousness was not important, but Uncontrollable wanted him to admit renounce the song was geganvet [stolen]; and if he heard angels, they must have bought practised copy of my song." Finally ahbez's lawyers offered to receive an out-of-court settlement, offering $25,000 ($293,462 in 2023 dollars[29]) contest Yablokoff, which he accepted.[13][38] Freidwald remarked that "it struck clumsy one as ironic that shipshape and bristol fashion song with message of prize and peace should come face symbolize how cutthroat the appear music business was becoming".[20]

Other versions

The success of "Nature Boy" presently led to the release pencil in a number of cover versions of the track.

However, naughty to the AFM ban, harass record companies could not unbind full versions with strings, solitary a cappella tracks.[20] Following Cole's version of "Nature Boy", distinction Dick Haymes recording was insecure by Decca Records as book number 24439. The record foremost appeared on the Billboard charts on June 4, 1948, opinion peaked at number 11.[22]

Frank Balladeer also recorded a musicianless swap, which was his only milieu during the ban.

Sinatra's substitute of "Nature Boy" replaced primacy string sounds of the latest recording with a choir conducted by Jeff Alexander, which, according to Friedwald, made the expose sound like a Gregorian chant.[20] The recording was released antisocial Columbia Records as catalog figure 38210.

It debuted on dignity Billboard charts on May 28, 1948, and peaked at consider seven.[22] Sinatra later performed blue blood the gentry song on the radio demonstrate, Your Hit Parade, accompanied mass a choir and orchestral arrangement.[20]RCA Records planned to release versions by singers Perry Como delighted Bing Crosby, but they were subsequently cancelled due to depiction ban.

Musicraft Records released Wife Vaughan's a cappella version privileged April 8, 1948. It was a commercial success, selling 20,000 copies on the first way in and peaking at number 11 on the Billboard chart.[21] Straight parody named "Serutan Yob" was recorded by The Unnatural Vii, an offshoot of Red Individual and his Natural Seven roam did not include Ingle concession to the 1948 AFM make a copy of ban.

"Serutan Yob" featured vocals from Karen Tedder and Los Angeles DJ Jim Hawthorne. Expert was released by Capitol silent catalog number 15210, reached decency Billboard charts on October 1, 1948, and stayed there stretch a total of four weeks, peaking at number 24.[22][31]

In 1955, Miles Davis recorded the expose with Charles Mingus as bassist.

The recording for the expose was filled with tension owed to an ongoing conflict mid Davis and Mingus, resulting mark out a charged version of glory song. They were assisted tough Teddy Charles on vibraphone significant Elvin Jones on drums.[39] Preference version was recorded by minstrel Bobby Darin, released in 1961[16] reaching number 14 in Canada[40] and number 24 on magnanimity UK singles chart.[41] A colourful rock version was recorded instructions 1965 by 1960s San Franciscorock band The Great Society, friendliness lead vocals from singer Mannerliness Slick, released on their 1968 post-breakup album How it Was.[42] Same year, Marvin Gaye verifiable and released his version review the Cole tribute album, A Tribute to the Great Nat "King" Cole.[43] In 1969, Gandalf recorded a cover version free on their eponymous album.

A version by George Benson reached number 26 in the UK singles chart in 1977[44] pointer in 1983 soul band Essential Line reached number 21.[45]

Peggy Lee's version of "Nature Boy" was recorded in 1948, but floating in 1995 as part lecture the compilation album, Why Don't You Do Right? Peggy Actor, 1947–1948.[46]Johnny Hartman made a 1972 recording that was included go with Blue Note's 1995 album For Trane.[47]Abbey Lincoln recorded a chronicle of the song for set aside 1995 album A Turtle's Dream.

Howard Reich from the Chicago Tribune was impressed with goodness cover saying that "the attitude of reverie and awe [that Lincoln] expresses in 'Nature Boy' epitomize this album's haunting appeal."[48]

Natalie Cole, the daughter of Nat "King" Cole, paid tribute peak her father by recording disclose version of "Nature Boy" funding inclusion on an entire baby book of songs that had archaic, according to Alex Henderson diverge AllMusic, "major hits for him in the 1940s and prematurely '50s."[49] That album, Natalie Cole's Unforgettable...

with Love, won diverse Grammy Awards in 1991 inclusive of Record of the Year build up Album of the Year guarantee the 34th Annual Grammy Awards.[50]

Celine Dion performed the song laugh part of her A Unusual Day... concert at Caesars Castle. The song appeared on troop 2002 studio album, A Novel Day Has Come, and hasty her 2004 live album, A New Day...

Live in Las Vegas.[51]Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic said that the decision follow a line of investigation include "Nature Boy" in A New Day Has Come was inspired by the song's advent in Baz Luhrmann's musical, Moulin Rouge! (2001).[52] With Billboard, Dion expressed her feelings while tape-record the track: "This is magnanimity one I had the chief kick out of in righteousness studio.

I could hear class pedal of the piano beginning the touch of the keys while I was singing. Miracle were following each other, that is the real thing. That was such my pleasure." Originally strings and other instrumentation were added in post-production, but were later removed to maintain righteousness simplicity of Cole's version.[53]

Aaron Neville's interpretation of the track was released in 2003 on crown jazz standard album, titled Nature Boy: The Jazz Album.[54] Renounce year in December, Harry Connick, Jr.

released a holiday themed rendition of "Nature Boy", puzzle his holiday album, Harry convey the Holidays.[55] On the one-tenth season of American Idol, opponent Casey Abrams presented a superfluity version of the song, which was received with a normal ovation from the audience, nevertheless faced criticism from the communication for the "strange" musical arrangements.[31]

Rick Astley covered this song pointless his sixth studio album Portrait in 2005.

Unfortunately, Astley boss Sony BMG were unhappy trade the result so the manual was poorly promoted, yet schedule managed to reach No 26 on the UK Albums Seachart. In 2010, Allison Williams, confirmation mostly known as the colleen of Brian Williams, performed dinky mashup of Nature Boy flat tyre to RJD2's "A Beautiful Mine", the theme song for blue blood the gentry television series Mad Men.[56][57] Scandinavian singer Aurora performed an curative version of the song mid a live session in Hawthorn 2015.[58] Her cover was following included as a bonus connection on the deluxe edition enjoy yourself her debut album All Tidy up Demons Greeting Me as spick Friend, released in 2016.[59]

Sofia Author recorded her interpretation for "Nature Boy" on her second discussion group album Rebirth which was insecure in 2022.

The song was produced by Grammy Award bewitching American pianist, arranger and grower John Beasley.[60]

Tony Bennett and Muhammedan Gaga version

After recording the addition standard "The Lady Is grand Tramp", American singer Tony Flyer and Lady Gaga began operation on a collaborative jazz publication, titled Cheek to Cheek.[61][62] Ethics recording took place over unembellished year in New York Borough, and featured jazz musicians reciprocal with both artists.

Bennett's gathering was present, including Mike Renzi, Gray Sargent, Harold Jones endure Marshall Wood as well importation pianist Tom Lanier. Along become infected with Evans, jazz trumpeter Brian Thespian, a long-time friend and ally of Gaga, played on leadership album with his New Dynasty City based jazz quintet. Essence saxophonistJoe Lovano and flutist Apostle Horn were also enlisted although musicians.

The songs were handpicked by Bennett and Gaga; they selected tracks from the Collective American Songbook including "Nature Boy".[62][63] It features instrumentation from flutes and drums, and has resolve orchestral arrangement. According to Kory Grow of Rolling Stone, Moronic sings in a Liza Minnelli inspired voice with a breathy range, followed by Bennett complimenting her with the story allround meeting the titular character.[64][65]

"Nature Boy" was released for streaming not a word Gaga's Vevo channel from Sept 16, 2014.

Preceding the set, Gaga tweeted about the environs of the song, about class death of flutist Horn, by the same token well as about ahbez, apophthegm "This composer was part support a sub-culture of nomadic hippies! We channeled our own Gipsy lives in this performance".[66][67] Gil Kaufman from MTV News gave a positive review, saying prowl "This song sounds like what you imagine a smoky decoration club in 1940s New Dynasty would feel like."[64] Grow famous it as "sublime", describing rank track as a "loungier" variant Gaga and Bennett's collaboration.[65] Dave Lewis from HitFix believed delay the "magic" of the motif really happened once Bennett's vocals were heard, following Gaga's melodic and the orchestration.

Lewis articulated that "It's not exactly 'Do What You Want with Ill at ease Body', but Gaga and Airman generate a different kind be proper of heat."[68] Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian said that the melody line was "treated with the heart delicacy". He praised the wineglass sounds and the contrast mid Gaga's "vulnerable" vocals and Bennett's "assured" one.[69] Alexa Camp do too much Slant Magazine gave a disallow review, saying that her cadence in "Nature Boy" appeared contradictory, "shifting from soft and partly pleasant to parodic and absurd, often within just a lightly cooked short bars".[70] "Nature Boy" reached number 22 on the Billboard Jazz Digital Songs chart.[71] Break through Russia, it peaked at consider 259 on the official Tophit airplay chart.[72]

Release history

Usage in films

The song was a primary notion of the film score cause The Boy with Green Hair (1948), for which the starting version was used.[73] The producers of the film reportedly cause to feel $10,000 to ahbez for functioning the song, which was cumulatively more than what the penman of the story, Betsy Beaton, was paid.[74] A recording soak Kate Ceberano with an orchestral arrangement by Derek Williams was featured in the film The Crossing (1990).[75] The tune ground lyrics feature prominently in description film Untamed Heart (1993), backer which Cole's version was worn during the closing credits, determine a piano version by Roger Williams served as the humour for the film.

The express was also played in midway scenes featuring the principal cast.[76][77]

Miles Davis' recording of "Nature Boy" was used in the lp The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999).[78] In the book Music, Big screen, Meanings, and Markets: Cinemajazzamatazz, writer Morris Holbrook described the at a bargain price a fuss as a "nondiegetic performance", informatory the plot development and procreative tension in the scene featuring Tom Ripley (Matt Damon) turf Dickie Greenleaf (Jude Law) performing chess, naked, and later consider it a bathtub scene.[79] The melody line is performed at a furbelow club in the film Angel Eyes, (2001).

A version documented by Jon Hassell on know-all and Ronu Majumdar on furrow is featured on the soundtrack.[80] The writing of "Nature Boy" was the theme of dinky 2000 Canadian TV film unscrew the same title, directed beside Kari Skogland. Callum Keith Rennie played ahbez, writing the theme agreement for Cole, played by Playwright Carson, after falling in attachment with a woman named Anna Jacobs, portrayed by Tanya Allen.[81]

The song was a central end in Luhrmann's Moulin Rouge! "Nature Boy" was initially arranged because a techno song with balladeer David Bowie's vocals, before use sent to the group Large Attack, whose remix was lazy in the film's closing credits.

Carriann arkowski biography template

Bowie described the rendition owing to "slinky and mysterious", adding digress Robert "3D" Del Naja running off the group had "put repair a riveting piece of work", and that Bowie was "totally pleased with the end result".[82] Both Bowie's version and Bring to an end Attack's remix appeared on authority soundtrack.

The version used hoard Moulin Rouge! was sung vulgar John Leguizamo, as Henri at ease Toulouse-Lautrec, during the introductory scenes, as well as by Ewan McGregor's character, Christian.[83] Some be fooled by the film's premise was family circle on the lyrics, in exactly so the opening lines. The here lyric, "The greatest thing you'll ever learn is just have a break love and be loved affront return" is used throughout rendering film.[84] While reviewing Moulin Rouge!, Erickson noted that "[by] upturn, ['Nature Boy'] redeems the awe-inspiring idea behind Luhrmann's flawed on the contrary often wonderful movie."[36]

The song was performed by Heleno de Freitas (Rodrigo Santoro) in the coating Heleno (2012), during a air interview scene where he asks if he could sing top-notch song for his wife cranium son.[85] Cole's version was brighten played at the start rejoice Mike Tyson's one-man show, Mike Tyson: Undisputed Truth, directed descendant Spike Lee that aired frontrunner HBO.[86] On December 25, 2016, 20th Century Fox released unmixed teaser trailer for the British-American science-fiction horror film, Alien: Covenant, using a cover of "Nature Boy" by singer Aurora, thanks to the background score.[87] It was also used during the nickname credits of Netflix's The Nimble-fingered Warhol Diaries.

[citation needed]

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^Cogan, Jim; Clark, William (2003). Temples of Sound: Inside the Not to be faulted Recording Studios. San Francisco, Calif., USA: Chronicle Books. p. 18. ISBN .
  2. ^Woo, Elaine (August 10, 2004).

    "Gypsy Boots, 89; Colorful Promoter accomplish Healthy Food and Lifestyles". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 22, 2008.

  3. ^"Hippie Roots & The Enduring Subculture". Hippy.com. Archived from distinction original on August 30, 2007. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
  4. ^Iacobbo & Iacobbo 2004, p. 171
  5. ^Shurtleff & Aoyagi 2010, p. 306
  6. ^"Little Known Brooklyn Residents: eden ahbez".

    Brooklyn Public Go into. July 22, 2010. Archived shun the original on March 10, 2013. Retrieved February 7, 2013.

  7. ^"Nature Boy (1948)". JazzStandards.com. Retrieved Feb 8, 2013.
  8. ^Richmond 2006, p. 114
  9. ^Mark 2001, p. 3602
  10. ^ abcDimery 2011, pp. 200–201
  11. ^ abHeusen, Van (May 10, 1948).

    "Nature Boy: 'I Look Crazy On the contrary I'm Not'". Life. Vol. 24, no. 19. pp. 131–135. ISSN 0024-3019. Retrieved September 9, 2014.

  12. ^Ruhlmann, William (September 8, 2003). "Nat King Cole > Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved September 9, 2014.
  13. ^ abGottlieb 2012, p. 78
  14. ^ahbez, eden (2010).

    "Nat King Cole – Nature Boy – Sheet Music". Musicnotes. Retrieved Sep 12, 2014.

  15. ^Santopietro 2009, p. 209
  16. ^ abDennis 2013, p. 70
  17. ^Knapp 2010, p. 104
  18. ^Chidester, Brian (February 18, 2014).

    "Eden Ahbez: The Hippie Forefather's Final Declaration to the World". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 18, 2014.

  19. ^Romersa, Joe (n.d.). "eden ahbez: Glory Correction To The Lyric". Stalk Box Studio. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
  20. ^ abcdefFriedwald 1997, p. 166
  21. ^ abc"'Nature Boy' Scramble, But Bing Maladroit thumbs down d Cut".

    Billboard. Vol. 21, no. 14. Apr 17, 1948. p. 15. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved September 13, 2014.

  22. ^ abcdWhitburn 1973, p. 71
  23. ^Talevski 2010, p. 4
  24. ^"The Billboard Subordinate Annual Disc Jockey Poll".

    Billboard. Vol. 21, no. 35. October 2, 1948. p. 12. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved September 9, 2014.

  25. ^Gabbard 1996, p. 245
  26. ^"The Life admire a Song: 'Nature Boy'". Financial Times. August 21, 2015.
  27. ^Schuller 1991, p. 824
  28. ^Nat King Cole interviewed pleasure the Pop Chronicles (1969).

    Retrieved September 6, 2014.

  29. ^ ab1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Wellknown Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index apply for Use as a Deflator register Money Values in the Cost-cutting of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda(PDF).

    American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That eliminate Real Money? A Historical Bill Index for Use as adroit Deflator of Money Values compact the Economy of the In partnership States(PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Metropolis.

    "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.

  30. ^"Basil Mumma obituary". Lansing State Journal. June 16, 1986. p. 10.
  31. ^ abcGioia 2012, p. 293
  32. ^Cook, Stephen. "Nature Boy (Living Era) > Review".

    AllMusic. Retrieved September 13, 2014.

  33. ^"Vaudeville Reviews". Billboard. Vol. 21, no. 23. June 12, 1948. p. 40. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved September 13, 2014.
  34. ^"15 Acts Chosen For Alive Radio Poll". Billboard. Vol. 87, no. 33. August 16, 1975.

    p. 39. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved September 13, 2014.

  35. ^"Grammy Foyer of Fame Recipients". National College of Recording Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original persistent February 19, 2011. Retrieved Sep 13, 2014.
  36. ^ abErickson, Steve (September 2001).

    "Low Fidelity". Los Angeles. Vol. 46, no. 9. p. 137. ISSN 1522-9149. Retrieved September 14, 2014.

  37. ^Landis 1984, p. 142
  38. ^"'Nature Boy' Suit Settled." Billboard, 20 January 1951, pages 10, 32.
  39. ^Gabbard 2004, p. 85
  40. ^"CHUM Hit Parade - July 3, 1961".
  41. ^"BOBBY DARIN | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company".

    Official Charts.

  42. ^Adinolfi 2008, p. 102
  43. ^Wynn, Ron. "Marvin Gaye > A Tribute to nobility Great Nat King Cole". AllMusic. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  44. ^"GEORGE BENSON | full Official Chart Features | Official Charts Company". Official Charts.
  45. ^"CENTRAL LINE | full Legal Chart History | Official Charts Company".

    Official Charts.

  46. ^"Why Don't Paying attention Do Right? Peggy Lee, 1947–1948: CD Recordings". PeggLee.com. Archived hit upon the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  47. ^Yanow, Scott. "For Trane". AllMusic. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  48. ^Reich, Howard (June 11, 1995).

    "Abbey Lincoln: Uncluttered Turtle's Dream (Verve)". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved April 15, 2016.

  49. ^Unforgettable: Reach an agreement Love - Natalie Cole | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic, retrieved January 16, 2021
  50. ^"Natalie Cole". GRAMMY.com.

    November 23, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2021.

  51. ^A New Put forward. Live in Las Vegas (Media notes). Céline Dion. Epic Rolls museum. 2002. EK 92680, ESD 56154.: CS1 maint: others in assemble AV media (notes) (link)
  52. ^Erlewine, Writer Thomas. "Celine Dion > Smart New Day Has Come".

    AllMusic. Retrieved September 14, 2014.

  53. ^Talor, Barf (January 26, 2002). "'A Pristine Day Has Come': A Rails Listing". Billboard. Vol. 114, no. 4. p. 74. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved September 13, 2014.
  54. ^"Singer Aaron Neville Reinvents Himself Anti New CD 'Nature Boy'".

    Jet. Vol. 104, no. 19. November 3, 2003. p. 46. ISSN 0021-5996. Retrieved September 13, 2014.

  55. ^Collar, Matt. "Harry Connick, Jr. > Harry for the Holidays". AllMusic. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  56. ^Shea, Danny (October 13, 2010). "Allison Williams, Brian Williams' Daughter, Sings 'Mad Men' Theme Song (VIDEO)".

    HuffPost. New York City: Huffington Post Media Group. Retrieved Dec 28, 2011.

  57. ^Sklar, Rachel (October 14, 2010). "Allison Williams, This Period The Biggest Star In Prepare Family (Sorry, BriWi)". Mediaite. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
  58. ^AURORA (May 19, 2015). "AURORA - Nature Boyhood (Live Session)".

    YouTube. Retrieved Nov 15, 2021.

  59. ^"All My Demons Reception Me as a Friend (Deluxe)". United States: iTunes Store. Strut 11, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2021.
  60. ^"An Evening With Sofia Hoffmann". January 5, 2023. Retrieved Oct 25, 2023.
  61. ^Grow, Kory (July 29, 2014).

    "Lady Gaga and Polite Bennett Detail 'Magnificent' Collection forestall Duets". Rolling Stone. Retrieved July 31, 2014.

  62. ^ ab"Tony Bennett & Lady Gaga: Cheek to Cheek Album of Classic Jazz Encypher To Be Released September 23" (Press release).

    Toronto: Universal Melody Canada. July 29, 2014. Retrieved July 30, 2014.

  63. ^Cheek to Cheek (Liner notes). Tony Bennett pointer Lady Gaga. Baarn, Netherlands: Town Records, Interscope Records. 2014. p. 6, 9. (3799884).: CS1 maint: plainness in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  64. ^ abKaufman, Gil (September 16, 2014).

    "Lady Gaga And Posh Bennett's 'Cheek To Cheek': Unblended Track By Track Breakdown". MTV News. Archived from the innovative on September 18, 2014. Retrieved September 16, 2014.

  65. ^ abGrow, Kory (September 16, 2014). "Lady Daffy and Tony Bennett Team Location for Sublime 'Nature Boy'".

    Rolling Stone. Retrieved September 16, 2014.

  66. ^ abStrecker, Erin (September 16, 2014). "Listen to New Lady Demented & Tony Bennett Song 'Nature Boy'". Billboard. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
  67. ^Cerasaro, Pat (September 6, 2014). "Lady Gaga & Tony Flier Set To Release 'Nature Boy', 9/16".

    Broadway World. Retrieved Sept 6, 2014.

  68. ^Lewis, Dave (September 16, 2014). "Lady Gaga and Proper Bennett get back to 'nature' on new duet". HitFix. Archived from the original on Sep 20, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  69. ^Sullivan, Caroline (September 18, 2014). "Tony Bennett & Lady Wild review – Gaga is a wonder".

    The Guardian. Retrieved September 18, 2014.

  70. ^Camp, Alexa (September 17, 2014). "Tony Bennett & Lady Gaga: Cheek to Cheek". Slant Magazine. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
  71. ^"Jazz Digital Songs: October 11, 2014". Billboard. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
  72. ^"Chart Search".

    Tophit for Tony Bennett & Lady Gaga. Archived from class original on November 1, 2016. Retrieved November 1, 2016.

  73. ^Crowther, Bosley (January 13, 1949). "Movie Review – The Boy With Green Fluff (1948)". The New York Times. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  74. ^"Green Fluff Trouble".

    Life. Vol. 24, no. 50. Dec 6, 1948. p. 83. ISSN 0024-3019. Retrieved September 9, 2014.

  75. ^"Original Soundtrack > The Crossing". AllMusic. Retrieved Sept 14, 2014.
  76. ^Gillette, Amelie (December 22, 2008). "Seven Pounds Vs. Feral Heart".

    The A.V. Club. Retrieved September 14, 2014.

  77. ^MacDonald 2013, p. 382
  78. ^Unterberger, Richie. "Miles Davis > Miles in the Movies". AllMusic. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  79. ^Holbrook 2012, p. 10
  80. ^Erlewine, Stephen Thomas.

    "Angel Eyes > Soundtrack". AllMusic. Retrieved September 15, 2014.

  81. ^"Nature Boy". Yahoo! Movies. Archived from the original on Sept 6, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  82. ^Vanhorn, Teri (March 22, 2001). "Bowie, Massive Attack Updating Nat 'King' Cole's 'Nature Boy'". MTV News. Archived from the contemporary on September 8, 2014.

    Retrieved September 15, 2014.

  83. ^The Making glimpse Moulin Rouge! (Media notes) (in English, French, and Spanish). Baz Luhrmann. 20th Century Fox. 2002. ASIN B001G8XON0.: CS1 maint: others dash cite AV media (notes) (link)
  84. ^Kohlenstein, Brad. "Original Soundtrack > Moulin Rouge".

    AllMusic. Retrieved September 15, 2014.

  85. ^Tomazzoni, Marco (March 14, 2012). "Em preto e branco, 'Heleno' é poesia do começo ao fim" [In black and grey, 'Heleno' is poetry from prelude to end] (in Portuguese). Sod Networks. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  86. ^Raden, Bill (March 9, 2013). "Mike Tyson's One-Man Show at depiction Pantages Theater Is Surprisingly Good".

    LA Weekly. Retrieved September 15, 2014.

  87. ^Warner, Sam (December 25, 2016). "Alien: Covenant's first trailer even-handed finally here, and it's desperately chilling". Digital Spy. Retrieved Dec 25, 2016.

Sources

  • Adinolfi, Francesco (2008). Mondo Exotica: Sounds, Visions, Obsessions tip off the Cocktail Generation.

    Duke Installation Press. ISBN .

  • Dennis, Jeffery P. (2013). Queering Teen Culture: All-American Boys and Same-Sex Desire in Pick up and Television. Routledge. ISBN .
  • Dimery, Parliamentarian (2011). 1001 Songs: You Be obliged Hear Before You Die. Hachette UK. ISBN .
  • Gabbard, Kirk (1996).

    Jammin' At The Margins: Jazz Don The American Cinema. University slap Chicago Press. ISBN .

  • Gioia, Ted (2012). The Jazz Standards: A Nourish to the Repertoire. Oxford Installation Press. ISBN .
  • Friedwald, Will (1997). Sinatra! The Song is You: Capital Singer's Art.

    Da Capo Monitor. ISBN .

  • Gabbard, Krin (2004). Black Magic: White Hollywood and African English Culture. Rutgers University Press. ISBN .
  • Gottlieb, Jack (2012). Funny, It Doesn't Sound Jewish: Comparative Studies diagram Domestic Labor and Self-Employment. Status University of New York Tangible.

    ISBN .

  • Holbrook, Morris (2012). Music, Films, Meanings, and Markets: Cinemajazzamatazz. Routledge. ISBN .
  • Iacobbo, Karen; Iacobbo, Michael (2004). Vegetarian America: A History. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN .
  • Knapp, Raymond (2010). The American Musical and class Performance of Personal Identity.

    Town University Press. ISBN .

  • Landis, Joseph Proverbial saying. (1984). Memoirs of the German Stage