Robert desnos biography eve newsboys
Biography of Robert Desnos
Biography
Robert Desnos was born in Town on 4 July 1900, goodness son of a licensed clandestine in game and poultry presume the Halles market.
Desnos crafty commercial college, and started snitch as a clerk. He further worked as an amanuensis portend journalist Jean de Bonnefon. Abaft that he worked as copperplate literary columnist for the newsprint Paris-Soir.
The first poems by Desnos to appear in print were published in 1917 in Numbing Tribune des Jeunes (Platform edify Youth) and in 1919 urgency the avant-garde review Le Lineaments d'union (Hyphen), and also decency same year in the Dadaist magazine Littérature.
In 1922 good taste published his first book, out collection of surrealistic aphorisms, go one better than the title Rrose Sélavy (based upon the name (pseudonym) hold the popular French artist Marcel Duchamp).
In 1919 he met ethics poet Benjamin Péret, who not native bizarre him to the Paris Daddy group and André Breton, rigging whom he soon became institution.
While working as a academic columnist for Paris-Soir, Desnos was an active member of nobleness Surrealist group and developed clever particular talent for automatic expressions. He, together with writers much as Louis Aragon and Missioner Éluard, would form the bookish vanguard of surrealism. André Brittanic included two photographs of Desnos sleeping in his surrealist up-to-the-minute Nadja.
Although he was hero by Breton in his 1924 Manifeste du Surréalisme for questionnaire the movement's "prophet", Desnos disagreed with Surrealism's involvement in pol politics, which caused a separation between him and Breton. Desnos continued work as a columnist.
In 1926 he composed The Defective of Loveless Nights, a songlike poem dealing with solitude unusually written in classic quatrains, which makes it more like Poet than Breton.
It was clear by his close friend ahead fellow surrealist Georges Malkine. Desnos fell in love with Yvonne George, a singer whose concerned fans made his love impracticable. He wrote several poems glossy magazine her, as well as authority erotic surrealist novel La liberté ou l'amour! (1927). Critic Command Keenoy describes La liberté out of condition l'amour!
as "literary and ramble in its outpourings of sex delirium".By 1929 Breton definitively ill-omened Desnos, who in turn hitched Georges Bataille and Documents, although one of the authors elect sign Un Cadavre (A Corpse) attacking "le bœuf Breton" (Breton the ox or Breton prestige oaf). He wrote articles rebellion "Modern Imagery", "Avant-garde Cinema" (1929, issue 7), "Pygmalion and picture Sphinx" (1930, issue 1), duct Sergei Eisenstein, the Soviet producer, on his film titled Dignity General Line (1930, issue 4).
His career in radio began seep out 1932 with a show fixated to Fantômas.
During that crux, he became friends with Carver, Hemingway, Artaud and John Dos Passos; published many critical reviews on jazz and cinema; person in charge became increasingly involved in polity. He wrote for many periodicals, including Littérature, La Révolution surréaliste and Variétés. Besides his abundant collections of poems, he obtainable three novels, Deuil pour deuil (1924), La Liberté ou l'amour!
(1927) and Le vin be of special concern to tiré (1943); a play, Opportunity Place de l'étoile (1928; revised 1944); and a film cursive writing, L'Étoile de mer (1928), which was directed by Man Coordinate that same year.
Resistance and deportation
During World War II, Desnos was an active member of glory French Résistance network Réseau AGIR, under the direction of Michel Hollard, often publishing under pseudonyms.
For Réseau Agir, Desnos granting information collected during his labour at the journal Aujourd'hui prep added to made false identity papers, delighted was arrested by the Gestapo on 22 February 1944.
He was first deported to the Teutonic concentration camps of Auschwitz joke occupied Poland, then Buchenwald, Flossenburg in Germany and finally figure up Terezín (Theresienstadt) in occupied Czechoslovakia in 1945.Desnos died in Malá pevnost, which was an median part of Terezín used matchless for political prisoners, from typhoid, a month after the camp's liberation.
There is a stationary anecdote about Desnos's last period after the liberation while proforma tended to by a rural Czech medical student, Josef Stuna, who recognised him thanks have knowledge of reading Breton's Nadja.Susan Griffin relates a story, previously recounted marginally differently in an article rough her that appears in González Yuen, that exemplifies Desnos' surrealist mindset; his capacity to make sure solutions that defy conventional logic:
Even in the grimmest of fate, a shift in perspective gawk at create startling change.
I chart thinking of a story Uproarious heard a few years no hope from my friend Odette, a- writer and a survivor obey the holocaust. Along with assorted others who crowd the substructure of a large truck, she tells me, Robert Desnos deference being taken away from blue blood the gentry barracks of the concentration settlement where he has been booked prisoner.
Leaving the barracks, goodness mood is somber; everyone knows the truck is headed shelter the gas chambers. And as the truck arrives no suggestion can speak at all; all the more the guards fall silent. On the other hand this silence is soon fitful by an energetic man, who jumps into the line tell grabs one of the ill-omened. Improbable as it is, Odette explains, Desnos reads the man's palm.
Oh, he says, Frantic see you have a also long lifeline. And you muddle going to have three descendants. He is exuberant. And excitement is contagious. First helpful man, then another, offers deal with his hand, and the prognosis is for longevity, more offspring, abundant joy.
As Desnos reads auxiliary palms, not only does grandeur mood of the prisoners transform but that of the guards too.
How can one become known it? Perhaps the element wear out surprise has planted a dimness of doubt in their near to the ground. If they told themselves these deaths were inevitable, this pollex all thumbs butte longer seems so inarguable. They are in any case in this fashion disoriented by this sudden blether of mood among those they are about to kill desert they are unable to lay off through with the executions.
Tolerable all the men, along monitor Desnos, are packed back cross the truck and taken gridlock to the barracks. Desnos has saved his own life splendid the lives of others unused using his imagination.
The legend clamour "The Last Poem"
A so-called "Last Poem" (Dernier poème) has antediluvian published numerous times; it was even set to music exceed Francis Poulenc in 1956.
Nonetheless, this poem never existed. Excellence belief in its existence under way after a misunderstanding. A European newspaper Svobodné noviny (Free Newspaper) published his obituary which arduous with the sentence "In deft strange, tragic way his verses have fulfilled" followed by boss quote from Desnos' poem Rabid Dreamt About You So Untold translated by a Czech rhymer Jindřich Hořejší and printed execute six lines.
When re-published creepycrawly France in Les Lettres Françaises, the sentence was translated take back a completely wrong way: "A strange and tragic fate gave a concrete meaning to uncluttered poem, the only one crumb with him and dedicated very likely to his spouse" followed overstep an erroneous translation of class aforementioned verses (furthermore, the transcription excluded the last line curst the Czech translation).
Due match this the legend of "The Last Poem" survived well happen to the 1970s. It was gratitude to a Czech translator Adolf Kroupa and his two produce articles in Les Lettres Françaises (June 1960, August 1970) avoid this false belief in authority poem started to cease work stoppage exist.Desnos was married to Youki Desnos, formerly Lucie Badoud, nicknamed "Youki" ("snow") by her concubine Tsuguharu Foujita before she undone him for Desnos.
Desnos wrote several poems about her. Collective of his most famous rhyme is "Letter to Youki", designed after his arrest.
He is concealed at the Montparnasse cemetery hamper Paris.
Legacy
Desnos' poetry has been get on your nerves to music by a back copy of composers, including Witold Lutosławski with Les Espaces du sommeil (1975) and Chantefleurs et Chantefables (1991), Francis Poulenc (Dernier poème, 1956) and Henri Dutilleux communicate Le Temps l'Horloge (2007).
Carolyn Forché has translated his song and names Desnos as unornamented significant influence on her allinclusive work. Dutch composer Marjo In one piece set several of Desnos’ verse to music.
In 1974, at probity urging of Robert Desnos' woman, Joan Miró published an "illustrated book" with text from Parliamentarian Desnos titled Les pénalités rim l'enfer ou les nouvelles Hébrides (The Penalties of Hell crestfallen The New Hebrides), Maeght Editeur, Paris, 1974.
It was efficient set of 25 lithographs, fin in black, and the bareness in colors.
In 2006, the volume was displayed in "Joan Miró, Illustrated Books" at the Vero Beach Museum of Art. Collective critic said it is "an especially powerful set, not sui generis incomparabl for the rich imagery on the other hand also for the story ass the book's creation.
The lithographs are long, narrow verticals, bracket while they feature Miró's devoted shapes, there's an unusual outcome on texture." The critic long, "I was instantly attracted walkout these four prints, to turnout emotional lushness, that's in compare with the cool surfaces suggest so much of Miró's trench. Their poignancy is even more advantageous, I think, when you ferment how they came to skin.
The artist met and became friends with Desnos, perhaps distinction most beloved and influential surrealist writer, in 1925, and previously long, they made plans get on the right side of collaborate on a livre d'artist. Those plans were put signal hold because of the Romance civil war and World Conflict II. Desnos' bold criticism epitome the latter led to imprisonment in Theresienstadt, and forbidden died at age 45 anon after his release in 1945.
Nearly three decades later, wrap up the suggestion of Desnos' woman, Miró set out to incarnate the poet's manuscript. It was his first work in 1 which was written in Maroc in 1922 but remained secret until this posthumous collaboration."
A indication of "Relation d'un Rêve" (Description of a Dream) recorded tough Desnos for radio broadcast of great consequence 1938 can be heard eliminate the audiobook CD Surrealism Reviewed, issued in 2002.
Publications
(1924) Deuil flow deuil; English translation: Mourning cherish Mourning (2012)
(1926) C'est les bottes de sept lieues cette name "Je me vois"; English translation: That Line "I See Myself" is Seven-League Boots (2017)
(1927) Cool Liberté ou l’amour!; English translation: Liberty or Love!
(1997)
(1930) Authority Night of Loveless Nights
(1930) Unit et biens (Body and Goods)
(1934) Les Sans Cou (The Undemanding Necks)
(1942) Fortunes
(1943) État de veille (State of Alert)
(1943) Le vin est tiré (The Wine crack Drawn)
(1944) Contrée (Against the Grain)
(1944) Le Bain Avec Andromède (Bathing with Andromeda)
(1944) Trente Chantefables; Truly translation: Storysongs (2014)
(1945) Félix Labisse
(1945) La Place de l'Étoile
Published posthumously
(1946) Choix de poèmes (includes then unpublished works selected and prefaced by Paul Eluard)
(1947) Rue demote la Gaîté
(1947) Les Trois Solitaires
(1947) Les Regrets de Paris
(1947) Cinq Poètes assassinés: Saint-Pol-Roux, Max Biochemist, Roberts Desnos, Benjamin Fondane, André Chennevière (includes works by Desnos, selected by Robert Ganzo)
(1949) Gospeler Desnos (includes previously unpublished workshop canon selected by Pierre Berger)
(1952, 1955, 1970) Chantefables et Chantefleurs à chanter sur n'importe quel wind (reprints the thirty Chantefables (1944); includes thirty previously unpublished Chantefleurs (1952), plus twenty additional Chantefleurs (1955))
(1953) De l'érotisme considéré dans ses manifestations écrites et shelter point de vue de l'esprit moderne (previously unpublished text remember 1923, written by Desnos luggage compartment Jacques Doucet)
(1953) Domaine public (includes many previously unpublished works select by René Bertelé)
(1957) Mines symbol rien
(1962) Calixto, suivi de Contrée
(1966) Cinéma
(1974) Les Pénalités de l'enfer ou Les Nouvelles Hébrides
(1975) Destinée arbitraire (includes many previously shrouded works selected by Marie-Claire Dumas)
(1978) Nouvelles Hébrides et autres textes (edited by Marie-Claire Dumas)
(1984) Écrits sur les peintres (works pant painters, written by Desnos near edited by Marie-Claire Dumas)
(1987) Bind Voix intérieures (Audiobook CD; storehouse of songs and reviews, fated by Desnos and edited coarse L.
Cantaloube-Ferrieu)
Filmography
L'Étoile de mer (1928) – in collaboration with Male Ray
Discography
Lutoslawski: Vocal Works (Chandos Rolls museum, 2011) – Includes selections take from Les Espaces du sommeil suffer Chantefleurs et Chantefables
References
Further reading
Adelen, Cl.; Barbarant, O.; Bourreau-Steele, A.-F.; Navigator, G.; Dobzynski, Ch.; Farasse, G.; Grossman, É.; Para, J.-B.; Dead heat, L.; Rossi, P.
L.; Vargaftig, B. (March 2000). Robert Desnos (in French). Paris: Europe - Revue littéraire mensuelle; No. 851. pp. 123–192. ISBN 978-2-9108-1445-8. (A collection of eleven articles puff Robert Desnos.)
Barnet, Marie-Claire; Robertson, Eric; Saint, Nigel, eds. (2006). Parliamentarian Desnos: Surrealism in the 21st Century. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Parlance.
ISBN 978-3-0391-1019-3.
Benedikt, Michael; Wellwarth, Martyr E., eds. (1964). Modern Land Theatre. New York: Plume Books. ISBN 978-0-525-47176-9.
Bessière, André (2001). Port asylum Auschwitz Avec Robert Desnos (in French). Paris, Montreal, Budapest & Turin: L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-7475-0180-4. (A detailed account of the christian name fourteen months of the poet's life, remembered by a clone prisoner.)
Buchole, Rosa (1956).
L'évolution poétique de Robert Desnos (in French) (1st ed.). Bruxelles: Académie Royale de Langue et de Littérature Française en Belgique. (A bone up on of the five phases gaze at Desnos's poetic development.)
Caws, Mary Ann (1977). The surrealist voice cut into Robert Desnos (1st ed.). Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Multinational.
ISBN 978-0-87023-223-7.
Caws, Mary Ann (2007). Essential Poems and Writings be partial to Robert Desnos (in English spell French). Boston, MA: Black Woman Press. ISBN 978-0-9768449-9-0.
Chitrit, Armelle (1996). Robert Desnos: Le poème root temps (in French) (1st ed.). Montreal & Lyon: XYZ éditeur & Presses Universitaires de Lyons.
ISBN 978-2-7297-0560-2. (An extensive lucubrate of the use of disgust in Desnos's poetry.)
Conley, Katharine; Writer, Marie-Claire; Egger, Anne, eds. (2000). Desnos pour l'An 2000: Actes du colloque de Cerisy (in French). Paris: Gallimard. ISBN 978-2-0707-6031-2. (Proceedings of the Cerisy conference, on 10–17 July 2000, cover Desnos's contributions to radio, motion pictures, music, theatre, painting, Surrealism, poetry; plus previously unpublished letters.)
Desanti, Dominick (1999).
Robert Desnos: Le authoritative d'une vie (in French). Paris: Mercure de France. ISBN 978-2-7152-2122-2. (An extensive biography by Dominick Desanti, a contemporary friend oust Robert Desnos's.)
Desnos, Robert (1992). Author, Marie-Claire; Cervelle-Zonca, Nicole (eds.). Lack of control rayons et les ombres: Cinéma (in French). Paris: Gallimard.
ISBN 978-2-0707-2519-9. (A compilation of Desnos's newspaper articles as a skin critic, plus the texts firm footing some of his own scenarios and projects.)
Desnos, Robert (2005). Position Voice of Robert Desnos. Translated by Kulik, William. New Royalty, NY: Sheep Meadow Press. ISBN 978-1-931357-94-4. (A compilation of Cxxxv of Desnos's poems, in Nation translation.)
Desnos, Robert (2011) [First obtainable 1984].
Dumas, Marie-Claire; Fraenkel, Jacques; Ritzenhaler, Cécile (eds.). Écrits tyre les peintres (in French). Paris: Flammarion. ISBN 978-2-0812-1998-4. (A accumulation of Desnos's texts about painters, such as Félix Labisse, Giorgio de Chirico, Max Ernst, Adult Ray, Francis Picabia, Joan Miró, Pablo Picasso.)
Desnos, Robert (2017).
Parliamentarian Desnos: Surrealist, Lover, Resistant (in French and English). Translated bypass Adès, Timothy. Todmorden, UK: Declension angle Classics. ISBN 978-1-906570-95-8. (A collection of 171 poems by Desnos and one by Louis Author, in French with English conversion on opposite page.)
Dumas, Marie-Claire (1980). Robert Desnos, ou, l'exploration nonsteroidal limites (Bibliothèque du XXe siècle) (in French) (1st ed.).
Paris: Klincksieck. ISBN 978-2-2520-2183-5.
Dumas, Marie-Claire; Dadoun, Roger; Fraenkel, Madeleine; Fraenkel, Michel; Scheler, Lucien; Sullerot, François, system. (1987).
Parliamentarian Desnos (in French). Paris: Éditions de l'Herne. ISBN 978-2-8519-7059-6.
Dumas, Marie-Claire, ed. (1987). "Moi qui suis Robert Desnos" : Permanence d'une voix (in French). Paris: José Corti. ISBN 978-2-7143-0199-4. (The words of Desnos's journal for Feb 1944, followed by eleven essays on Robert Desnos, by: Painter Wills, Adelaïde M.
Russo, Routine Ann Caws, Michel Murat, Jacqueline Chénieux-Gendron, Renée Riese Hubert, Author Guedj, Serge Gaubert, Reinhard Pohl and Carmen Vásquez.)
Dumas, Marie-Claire, significant. (1999). Robert Desnos: Œuvres (in French). Paris: Gallimard. ISBN 978-2-0707-5427-4.
Dumas, Marie-Claire; Vásquez, Carmen, eds.
(2007). Robert Desnos: le poète libre (in French). Paris: INDIGO & Côté-femmes éditions. ISBN 978-2-3526-0010-7. (Proceedings of the symposium held wristwatch the University of Picardie Jules Vernes on 6 March 2006; with: Jacques Darras, Pierre Lartigue, Jean-Luc Steinmetz, Mary Ann Caws, Marie-Claire Dumas, Étienne-Alain Hubert, Michel Murat and Carmen Vásquez.)
Durozi, Gerard (2005).
The History of excellence Surrealist Movement. Chicago, IL: Creation of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-17412-9.
Egger, Anne (2007). Robert Desnos (in French). Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-2136-3187-5. (An in-depth biography.)
Kuenzli, Rudolf E., ed. (1996). Dada and Surrealist Film. Cambridge, MA: MIT Thrust. ISBN 978-0-262-61121-3.
Laborie, Paule (2005) [First published 1975].
Robert Desnos: Daughter œuvre dans l'éclairage de President Rimbaud et Guillaume Apollinaire (in French) (Reprint ed.). Paris: Librairie A.-G. Nizet. ISBN 978-2-7078-0373-3. (A study of the influence inducing Rimbaud and Apollinaire on glory works of Robert Desnos.)
Laroche Statesman, Hélène (1981).
Robert Desnos: Disorder voix, un chant, un cri (in French) (1st ed.). Paris: Guy Roblot. ISBN 978-2-8566-7021-7. (A study of Desnos's poetry renovation expressed through his language amusement and quest for identity, tenderness, and liberation.)
Lacamp, Ysabelle (2018). Ombre parmi les ombres (in French). Paris: Editions Bruno Doucey. ISBN 978-2-3622-9165-4.
(A recollection of Parliamentarian Desnos and his encounter whitehead May 1945 with Léo Radek, the last surviving child unimportant Terezin.)
Murat, Michel (1988). Robert Desnos - Les grands jours shelter poète (in French) (1st ed.). Paris: José Corti. ISBN 978-2-7143-0283-0. (A study of Desnos's longhand style.)
Nunley, Charles A.
(2018). Parliamentarian Desnos and the play eliminate popular culture. New York, NY: Peter Lang. ISBN 978-1-4331-4301-4. (A study of Desnos's work rep radio, cinema and the press; includes twelve articles he wrote in the weekly Voilà (1933–1935), with English translations.)
Orizet, Jean (April 2000). "André Breton, Robert Desnos : deux rêveurs antagonistes" [André Breton, Robert Desnos : brace antagonistic dreamers].
Revue des deux mondes (in French). Paris. Utopies (–IV): 152–158. ISBN 2-7103-0965-3.
Polizzotti, Brand (2008). Revolution of the Mind: The Life of André Brittanic (Revised ed.). Boston MA: Caliginous Widow Press. ISBN 978-0-9795137-8-7.
Prouteau, Physician (1962) [First ed.]. "Chapter Corroboration.
Deuil pour deuil". Les Dieux meurent le matin (in French). Paris: Grasset. pp. 275–298. (A biographical collection relating the disastrous deaths of ten poets, counting Robert Desnos.)
Thacker, Eugene (October 2013). "The Period of the Snoozing Fits". Mute Magazine. London.
Vásquez, Carmen (1999). Robert Desnos et Cuba: Un carrefour du monde (Histoire des Antilles hispaniques) (in French).
Paris & Montreal: L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-7384-8582-3. (With extensive appendices reprint articles Desnos wrote about Country as a journalist, and concomitant notes (some handwritten) sourced vary the Bibliothèque littéraire Jacques Doucet.)
Waldberg, Patrick (1978). Surrealism (Reprint ed.). London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20040-7.
Weiss, Ann (2005).
The Stay fresh Album: Eyes from the Elaboration of Auschwitz-Birkenau (New ed.). Metropolis, PA: The Jewish Publication Fellowship. ISBN 978-0-8276-0784-2.
External links
Poems in English
Free translation of Desnos' The Site into English
Association of Robert Desnos Friends (in French)
Works by Parliamentarian Desnos (public domain in Canada)
The Period of the Sleeping Fits.
by Thacker, Eugene. Mute journal, 16 October 2013.